Therapy (NNT) Reviews

Therapy (NNT) Reviews by Date

September 2020

• Antibiotics for Uncomplicated Diverticulitis
• Anticoagulation for Distal Lower Extremity Deep Venous Thromboses
• Dexamethasone For Hospitalized Patients with COVID-19

August 2020

• Prophylactic Antibiotics In Cirrhotic Patients With Upper Gastrointestinal Bleeding
• Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs for Acute Low Back Pain

July 2020

• Corticosteroids in the Treatment of Sepsis
• Intravenous Magnesium Sulfate for Acute Asthma Exacerbation in Adults
• Atraumatic versus Conventional Needles for Lumbar Puncture

June 2020

• Antiarrhythmics for Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest
• Ondansetron (Zofran) for Pediatric Gastroenteritis
• Effect of Tight Glycemic Control on Patients With Ischemic Stroke

May 2020

• Systemic Corticosteroids for Acute Exacerbations of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)
• The Efficacy and Safety of Colchicine for Pericarditis

April 2020

• Epley Maneuver (Canalith Repositioning) for Benign Positional Vertigo
• Ketamine vs Opioids for Acute Pain in the Emergency Department
• Lactobacillus reuteri for Treatment of Infant Colic

March 2020

• Preliminary indicators of mortality in subjects infected with COVID-19 based on data from China and South Korea
• Prone Positioning for Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome in Adults
• Antibiotics for Exacerbations of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

February 2020

• Medical Expulsive Therapy (Alpha Blockers) for Urological Stone Disease
• Aspirin after Acute Ischemic Stroke
• Anticonvulsants for the Treatment of Low Back Pain and Lumbar Radicular Pain
• Glucocorticoid for Croup in Children

January 2020

• Proton Pump Inhibitors for Stress Ulcer Prophylaxis in Critically Ill Patients

December 2019

• Octreotide for Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage from Esophageal Varices
• Proton Pump Inhibitors for Acute Upper Gastrointestinal Bleeding
• Inhaled Steroids for Asthma After Emergency Department Discharge
• Targeted Temperature Management in Post Cardiac Arrest Patients
• Adjuvant Antibiotic Therapy After Incision and Drainage of Cutaneous Abscesses

October 2019

• Prevalence of Pulmonary Embolism in Patients Presenting With Syncope
• Prochlorperazine for Treatment of Acute Migraines in Adults
• Non-Invasive Positive Pressure Ventilation for Exacerbation of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
• Risk of Recurrent Venous Thromboembolism and Bleeding in Cancer Patients Treated with Direct Oral Anticoagulants Versus Low Molecular Weight Heparin
• Utility of Spinal Immobilization in Patients with Penetrating Trauma

September 2019

• Outpatient Treatment for Low-Risk Febrile Neutropenia
• Rocuronium vs. Succinylcholine for Rapid Sequence Intubation

August 2019

• Tranexamic Acid for Postpartum Hemorrhage
• Tranexamic Acid for Upper Gastrointestinal Bleeding

July 2019

• Branched-Chain Amino Acids for People with Hepatic Encephalopathy

June 2019

• Aspirin For Preventing A First Heart Attack Or Stroke
• Procainamide Versus Amiodarone for Stable Ventricular Tachycardia
• High-flow Oxygen Therapy for Treating Bronchiolitis in Infants
• Intensive Glucose Control for Critically Ill Patients

May 2019

• Tranexamic Acid for the Treatment of Epistaxis
• Antibiotics for Acute Sinusitis in Adults
• Ticagrelor Compared to Clopidogrel in Acute Coronary Syndrome and Stable Coronary Artery Disease

April 2019

• Denosumab for Reducing Risk of Fractures in Postmenopausal Women
• Flexible Sigmoidoscopy or Fecal Occult Blood Testing for Colorectal Cancer Screening in Asymptomatic Individuals
• Omega-3 Fatty Acids and Cardiovascular Disease Prevention

March 2019

• Corticosteroids for Treating Pneumonia
• Low-dose CT scan for lung cancer screening
• Topical Antibiotics for Clinical and Microbiologic Cure of Bacterial Conjunctivitis
• Corticosteroids for Preventing Postherpetic Neuralgia After Herpes Zoster Infection
• Antiviral Medications for the Prevention of Postherpetic Neuralgia After Herpes Zoster Infection
• Single Maintenance and Reliever Therapy (SMART) Regimen for Management of Persistent Asthma
• Chewing Gum for Reducing Post-Cesarean Section Ileus
• Lung-protective Ventilation for Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome
• Video Laryngoscopy vs. Direct Laryngoscopy

February 2019

• Thrombolytic Therapy for Pulmonary Embolism
• Oxygen Therapy for Patients with Acute Myocardial Infarction

January 2019

• Comparison of Reduction Techniques for Radial Head Subluxation
• Early Endovascular Thrombectomy for Large-vessel Ischemic Stroke Reduces Disability at 90 Days
• Tissue Plasminogen Activator (tPA) For Acute Ischemic Stroke

December 2018

• Prophylactic Antibiotics for Critically Ill Patients
• Early Invasive Management of Acute Coronary Syndromes
• HPV vaccines for prevention of cervical pre-cancer in adolescent girls and women
• Vaccines for Preventing Influenza in Healthy Individuals

November 2018

• Antivirals With Corticosteroids for the Treatment of Acute Bell’s Palsy
• Opiate Analgesia for Acute Abdominal Pain
• Coadministration of Probiotics With Prescribed Antibiotics for Preventing Clostridium difficile Diarrhea

October 2018

• Hormone Therapy for Primary Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease in Postmenopausal Women

September 2018

• Endovascular thrombectomy for ischemic stroke beyond 6 hours from onset of symptoms

August 2018

• Epinephrine for Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest
• Lidocaine for Reducing Pain on Injection of IV Propofol

July 2018

• Nebulized Hypertonic Saline for Bronchiolitis

June 2018

• Antibiotics for Otitis Media in Children
• Combined Inhaled Short-Acting Beta₂ Agonist and Anticholinergic Agents for Asthma
• Erythromycin for Urgent Endoscopy After Upper Gastrointestinal Bleeding

May 2018

• Pregabalin (Lyrica) for Acute Fibromyalgia Pain

April 2018

• Qvar for Treatment of Chronic Asthma

March 2018

• Combination LABA Inhalers Compared with High-Dose Inhaled Steroids for Adults with Asthma

February 2018

• Corticosteroids for Bell’s Palsy (Idiopathic Facial Paralysis) (2018)
• Anti-D (Rh factor) Administration During Late Pregnancy for the Prevention of Alloimmunization in At Risk (Rh Negative) Women (2018)

January 2018

• Topical Capsaicin for Treatment of Chronic Neuropathic Pain in Adults
• Stents for Stable Coronary Artery Disease

November 2017

• Acetazolamide for Prevention of Acute Mountain Sickness (AMS)
• Statins in Persons at Low Risk of Cardiovascular Disease

October 2017

• Prolonged Dual Antiplatelet Therapy After MI Reduces Major Adverse Cardiac Events

September 2017

• Varenicline for Smoking Cessation

August 2017

• Antipsychotics for Fibromyalgia in Adults

July 2017

• Efficacy of Direct-Acting Antivirals Compared with Older Agents for Hepatitis C
• Tenofovir for Prevention of HIV Infection

May 2017

• Oral NSAIDs for Perineal Pain in the Early Postpartum Period

April 2017

• Vitamin E in Pregnancy

March 2017

• Buprenorphine Maintenance vs. Placebo for Opioid Dependence

February 2017

• Glatiramer Acetate (Copaxone) for Multiple Sclerosis
• Antiepileptic Drugs After First Unprovoked Seizure

January 2017

• Alpha-adrenergic Agonists for the Management of Opioid Withdrawal

December 2016

• Aripiprazole vs. Placebo or Haloperidol for Schizophrenia

November 2016

• Valproate for Adult Migraine Prophylaxis

October 2016

• Rivaroxaban vs. Warfarin for Anticoagulation in Patients with Atrial Fibrillation Undergoing Ablation and Cardioversion

September 2016

• Perioperative Beta Blockers

August 2016

• Acupuncture for Frequent Tension-Type Headaches

July 2016

• Topical NSAIDs for Acute Musculoskeletal Pain in Adults

June 2016

• Corticosteroids for Community-Acquired Pneumonia

May 2016

• Ibuprofen for Treatment of Episodic Tension-Type Headaches

April 2016

• Leukotriene Receptor Antagonists in the Treatment of Acute Asthma

March 2016

• Controlled Cord Traction During the Third Stage of Labor

February 2016

• Cyclobenzaprine in the Treatment of Low Back Pain

December 2015

• Gabapentin for Chronic Neuropathic Pain

November 2015

• Effectiveness of Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors for Irritable Bowel Syndrome

October 2015

• Probiotics for the Prevention of Upper Respiratory Tract Infections

September 2015

• Tap Water for Wound Irrigation
• Bronchodilators for Bronchiolitis

May 2015

• Steroids for Acute Spinal Cord Injury
• Erythromycin for Improved Upper Endoscopy

April 2015

• Zinc for the Common Cold
• Protected: Draft Review: Liberal Transfusion Thresholds for Blood Transfusions

January 2015

• Steroids for Pharyngitis
• Antibiotics for Otitis Media
• Statins for Heart Disease Prevention (Without Prior Heart Disease)
• Aspirin to Prevent a First Heart Attack or Stroke
• Chewing Gum for Reducing Post-Caesarian Section Ileus
• PSA Test to Screen for Prostate Cancer

July 2014

• Anti-Hypertensives to Prevent Death, Heart Attacks, and Strokes
• Tight Glycemic Control for Type 2 Diabetes (Over 5 Years)
• Coronary Heart Bypass Surgery for Prevention of Death

June 2014

• Steroids for Bronchiolitis

May 2014

• Routine Health Checks for Reducing Mortality and Morbidity

November 2013

• Mediterranean Diet for Heart Disease Prevention (Without Known Heart Disease)
• Statins for Heart Disease Prevention (With Known Heart Disease)

October 2013

• Warfarin vs. Aspirin For Atrial Fibrillation Stroke Prevention
• Warfarin for Atrial Fibrillation Stroke Prevention

June 2013

• Diagnostic Testing for Patient Reassurance
• Proton Pump Inhibitors for Acute Peptic Ulcer Bleeding

May 2013

• PSA Test to Screen for Prostate Cancer
• Nicotine Replacement Therapy for Smoking Cessation

April 2013

• Hydroxyethyl Starch for Acute Volume Resuscitation
• Vitamins and Antioxidants for Primary Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease

March 2013

• Thrombolytics for Stroke

February 2013

• Non-Invasive Ventilation for COPD Exacerbation
• Antibiotics for Infection Prevention In Ventricular Shunt Placement
• Probiotics for Preventing C. Difficile Diarrhea
• Early Invasive Management for Acute Coronary Syndromes
• Anti-Hypertensives for Cardiovascular Prevention in Mild Hypertension

January 2013

• Epidural Steroids for Sciatica
• Anti-D (Rh Factor) Administration During Late Pregnancy for the Prevention of Alloimmunization in At-Risk Women (2013)
• Rhogam Postpartum for Prevention of Sensitization in At-Risk Women
• Antibiotics for Clinically Diagnosed Acute Sinusitis
• Antibiotics for Radiologically-Diagnosed Sinusitis

June 2012

• Coronary Stenting for Non-Acute Coronary Disease Compared to Medical Therapy

April 2012

• Ondansetron for Pediatric Gastroenteritis

March 2012

• Magnesium for Pre-Eclampia

January 2012

• Elastic Stockings for Deep Venous Thrombosis After Stroke
• Insulin for Glucose Control in Ischemic Stroke
• Antibiotics for Acute Bronchitis
• Nebulized Ipratropium for Asthma Attack

December 2011

• Elastic Stockings for Deep Vein Thrombosis Prevention After Surgery
• Elastic Stockings Plus Medical Therapy for Deep Vein Thrombosis Prevention After Surgery

September 2011

• Colloids for Resuscitation in Critically Ill Patients
• Antibiotics for Cirrhotics with Upper GI Bleeds
• Probiotics for Acute Infectious Diarrhea
• Statins for Acute Coronary Syndrome
• Steroids for Prevention of Migraine Recurrence
• Antibiotics for Animal Bites

August 2011

• Recombinant Activated Factor VII in Severe Trauma
• CT Scans to Screen for Lung Cancer

July 2011

• Antiplatelet Agents for Acute Stroke
• Aspirin for Cardiovascular Prevention (After Prior Heart Attack or Stroke)
• Hormone Replacement Therapy For Cardiovascular Prevention (After Prior Heart Attack or Stroke)
• Hormone Replacement Therapy for Cardiovascular Prevention of a First Heart Attack or Stroke
• Clopidogrel for Cardiovascular Prevention (After Prior Heart Attack or Stroke)
• Clopidogrel with Aspirin for Prevention (After Prior Heart Attack or Stroke)
• Clopidogrel Added to Aspirin During and After a Coronary Event or Stenting

June 2011

• Inhaled Epinephrine, Steroids for Bronchiolitis
• Factor VII for Intracerebral Hemorrhage

May 2011

• Bisphosphonates for Fracture Prevention in Post-Menopausal Women Without Prior Fractures
• Bisphosphonates for Fracture Prevention in Post-Menopausal Women With Prior Fractures or Very Low Bone Density
• Combination Inhalers (Steroids Plus Bronchodilators) for Adult Asthma
• Combination Inhalers (Steroids Plus Bronchodilators) for Childhood Asthma
• Vitamin D for Fracture Prevention (Elderly, Nursing Home)
• Vitamin D for Fracture Prevention (Community)

April 2011

• Antibiotics for Hand Lacerations
• Steroids for Meningitis

March 2011

• Tranexamic Acid for Severe Trauma
• Nebulized Hypertonic Saline for Bronchiolitis

February 2011

• Steroids for Croup
• Hypothermia for Neuroprotection After Cardiac Arrest

January 2011

• Steroids for Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS)

December 2010

• Antibiotics (Prophylactic) for ICU Respiratory Infections
• Antibiotics for Open Fractures
• Packing Abscesses for Recurrent Infection

November 2010

• Corticosteroids for Preventing Post-Herpetic Neuralgia
• Antivirals for Preventing Post-Herpetic Neuralgia
• Subclavian vs. Femoral Central Line Placement
• Liberal Hemoglobin Levels for Blood Transfusions
• Topical Antibiotics for Bacterial Conjunctivitis
• Lung-Protective Ventilation for ARDS

October 2010

• Hormone Replacement Therapy and Breast Cancer Risk
• Screening Mammography for Reducing Deaths
• Octreotide for Acute Variceal Bleeding

September 2010

• Strength and Balance Programs for Elderly Falls
• Antibiotics for Sinusitis
• Mediterranean Diet for Post Heart-Attack Care
• Steroids for Sepsis

August 2010

• Activated Protein C (Xigris) for Severe Sepsis
• MRI vs. X-Ray for Lower Back Pain
• Antibiotics for Otitis Media
• Non-Invasive Positive Pressure Ventilation for Pulmonary Edema
• Defibrillation for Cardiac Arrest
• Beta Blockers for Heart Attack
• ACLS Medications for Cardiac Arrest
• Opiates During Abdominal Pain Evaluation
• Steroids for PCP/PJ Pneumonia
• Antibiotics for COPD Exacerbation
• Steroids for COPD Exacerbation

January 2010

• Neuraminidase Inhibitors for Influenza
• Heparin for Acute Coronary Syndromes
• Thrombolytics for Major Heart Attack (STEMI)
• Inhaled Steroids upon Discharge for Asthma Attack
• Magnesium Sulfate for Asthma Attack
• Continuous vs. Intermittent Beta Agonists for Asthma Attack
• Steroids for Asthma Attack
• Proton Pump Inhibitors for Acute Upper GI Bleeding

November 2009

• Aspirin For Major Heart Attack (STEMI)
• Anticoagulation for Venous Thromboembolism

October 2009

• Glycoprotein Inhibitors for Major Heart Attack with Stents or Angioplasty

Therapy (NNT) Reviews by System

Cardiac

• ACLS Medications for Cardiac Arrest
• Anti-Hypertensives for Cardiovascular Prevention in Mild Hypertension
• Anti-Hypertensives to Prevent Death, Heart Attacks, and Strokes
• Antiarrhythmics for Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest
• Anticoagulation for Distal Lower Extremity Deep Venous Thromboses
• Anticoagulation for Venous Thromboembolism
• Aspirin for Cardiovascular Prevention (After Prior Heart Attack or Stroke)
• Aspirin For Major Heart Attack (STEMI)
• Aspirin For Preventing A First Heart Attack Or Stroke
• Aspirin to Prevent a First Heart Attack or Stroke
• Beta Blockers for Heart Attack
• Clopidogrel Added to Aspirin During and After a Coronary Event or Stenting
• Clopidogrel for Cardiovascular Prevention (After Prior Heart Attack or Stroke)
• Clopidogrel with Aspirin for Prevention (After Prior Heart Attack or Stroke)
• Colloids for Resuscitation in Critically Ill Patients
• Coronary Heart Bypass Surgery for Prevention of Death
• Coronary Stenting for Non-Acute Coronary Disease Compared to Medical Therapy
• Defibrillation for Cardiac Arrest
• Early Invasive Management for Acute Coronary Syndromes
• Early Invasive Management of Acute Coronary Syndromes
• Epinephrine for Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest
• Glycoprotein Inhibitors for Major Heart Attack with Stents or Angioplasty
• Heparin for Acute Coronary Syndromes
• Hormone Replacement Therapy For Cardiovascular Prevention (After Prior Heart Attack or Stroke)
• Hormone Replacement Therapy for Cardiovascular Prevention of a First Heart Attack or Stroke
• Hormone Therapy for Primary Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease in Postmenopausal Women
• Hypothermia for Neuroprotection After Cardiac Arrest
• Mediterranean Diet for Heart Disease Prevention (Without Known Heart Disease)
• Mediterranean Diet for Post Heart-Attack Care
• Non-Invasive Positive Pressure Ventilation for Pulmonary Edema
• Omega-3 Fatty Acids and Cardiovascular Disease Prevention
• Oxygen Therapy for Patients with Acute Myocardial Infarction
• Prevalence of Pulmonary Embolism in Patients Presenting With Syncope
• Procainamide Versus Amiodarone for Stable Ventricular Tachycardia
• Prolonged Dual Antiplatelet Therapy After MI Reduces Major Adverse Cardiac Events
• Statins for Acute Coronary Syndrome
• Statins for Heart Disease Prevention (With Known Heart Disease)
• Statins for Heart Disease Prevention (Without Prior Heart Disease)
• Statins in Persons at Low Risk of Cardiovascular Disease
• Targeted Temperature Management in Post Cardiac Arrest Patients
• The Efficacy and Safety of Colchicine for Pericarditis
• Thrombolytic Therapy for Pulmonary Embolism
• Thrombolytics for Major Heart Attack (STEMI)
• Vitamins and Antioxidants for Primary Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease
• Warfarin for Atrial Fibrillation Stroke Prevention
• Warfarin vs. Aspirin For Atrial Fibrillation Stroke Prevention

Dermatologic

• Adjuvant Antibiotic Therapy After Incision and Drainage of Cutaneous Abscesses
• Antibiotics for Animal Bites
• Antibiotics for Hand Lacerations
• Antiviral Medications for the Prevention of Postherpetic Neuralgia After Herpes Zoster Infection
• Antivirals for Preventing Post-Herpetic Neuralgia
• Corticosteroids for Preventing Post-Herpetic Neuralgia
• Corticosteroids for Preventing Postherpetic Neuralgia After Herpes Zoster Infection
• Packing Abscesses for Recurrent Infection

Endocrine

• Insulin for Glucose Control in Ischemic Stroke
• Intensive Glucose Control for Critically Ill Patients
• Tight Glycemic Control for Type 2 Diabetes (Over 5 Years)

Eye

• Topical Antibiotics for Bacterial Conjunctivitis

Gastrointestinal

• Antibiotics for Cirrhotics with Upper GI Bleeds
• Antibiotics for Uncomplicated Diverticulitis
• Erythromycin for Improved Upper Endoscopy
• Erythromycin for Urgent Endoscopy After Upper Gastrointestinal Bleeding
• Flexible Sigmoidoscopy or Fecal Occult Blood Testing for Colorectal Cancer Screening in Asymptomatic Individuals
• Octreotide for Acute Variceal Bleeding
• Octreotide for Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage from Esophageal Varices
• Ondansetron (Zofran) for Pediatric Gastroenteritis
• Ondansetron for Pediatric Gastroenteritis
• Opiate Analgesia for Acute Abdominal Pain
• Opiates During Abdominal Pain Evaluation
• Probiotics for Acute Infectious Diarrhea
• Probiotics for Preventing C. Difficile Diarrhea
• Prophylactic Antibiotics In Cirrhotic Patients With Upper Gastrointestinal Bleeding
• Proton Pump Inhibitors for Acute Peptic Ulcer Bleeding
• Proton Pump Inhibitors for Acute Upper Gastrointestinal Bleeding
• Proton Pump Inhibitors for Acute Upper GI Bleeding
• Proton Pump Inhibitors for Stress Ulcer Prophylaxis in Critically Ill Patients
• Tranexamic Acid for Upper Gastrointestinal Bleeding

Genitourinary

• Chewing Gum for Reducing Post-Caesarian Section Ileus
• Chewing Gum for Reducing Post-Cesarean Section Ileus
• Medical Expulsive Therapy (Alpha Blockers) for Urological Stone Disease
• PSA Test to Screen for Prostate Cancer
• PSA Test to Screen for Prostate Cancer

Gynecologic

• Hormone Replacement Therapy For Cardiovascular Prevention (After Prior Heart Attack or Stroke)
• Hormone Replacement Therapy for Cardiovascular Prevention of a First Heart Attack or Stroke
• HPV vaccines for prevention of cervical pre-cancer in adolescent girls and women
• Opiates During Abdominal Pain Evaluation

Hematologic

• Anti-D (Rh factor) Administration During Late Pregnancy for the Prevention of Alloimmunization in At Risk (Rh Negative) Women (2018)
• Elastic Stockings for Deep Vein Thrombosis Prevention After Surgery
• Elastic Stockings Plus Medical Therapy for Deep Vein Thrombosis Prevention After Surgery
• Thrombolytic Therapy for Pulmonary Embolism

Infectious

• Adjuvant Antibiotic Therapy After Incision and Drainage of Cutaneous Abscesses
• Antibiotics for Acute Bronchitis
• Antibiotics for Acute Sinusitis in Adults
• Antibiotics for Infection Prevention In Ventricular Shunt Placement
• Antibiotics for Otitis Media in Children
• Dexamethasone For Hospitalized Patients with COVID-19
• Glucocorticoid for Croup in Children
• HPV vaccines for prevention of cervical pre-cancer in adolescent girls and women
• Ondansetron (Zofran) for Pediatric Gastroenteritis
• Ondansetron for Pediatric Gastroenteritis
• Probiotics for Preventing C. Difficile Diarrhea
• Prophylactic Antibiotics for Critically Ill Patients
• Steroids for COPD Exacerbation
• Steroids for Pharyngitis
• Tap Water for Wound Irrigation
• Tenofovir for Prevention of HIV Infection
• Vaccines for Preventing Influenza in Healthy Individuals
• Zinc for the Common Cold

Musculoskeletal

• Antibiotics for Animal Bites
• Antibiotics for Hand Lacerations
• Antibiotics for Open Fractures
• Anticonvulsants for the Treatment of Low Back Pain and Lumbar Radicular Pain
• Atraumatic versus Conventional Needles for Lumbar Puncture
• Bisphosphonates for Fracture Prevention in Post-Menopausal Women With Prior Fractures or Very Low Bone Density
• Bisphosphonates for Fracture Prevention in Post-Menopausal Women Without Prior Fractures
• Denosumab for Reducing Risk of Fractures in Postmenopausal Women
• Epidural Steroids for Sciatica
• MRI vs. X-Ray for Lower Back Pain
• Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs for Acute Low Back Pain
• Pregabalin (Lyrica) for Acute Fibromyalgia Pain
• Strength and Balance Programs for Elderly Falls
• Tap Water for Wound Irrigation
• Topical Capsaicin for Treatment of Chronic Neuropathic Pain in Adults
• Vitamin D for Fracture Prevention (Community)
• Vitamin D for Fracture Prevention (Elderly, Nursing Home)

Neurologic

• Acetazolamide for Prevention of Acute Mountain Sickness (AMS)
• Anti-Hypertensives to Prevent Death, Heart Attacks, and Strokes
• Antiarrhythmics for Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest
• Antibiotics for Infection Prevention In Ventricular Shunt Placement
• Anticonvulsants for the Treatment of Low Back Pain and Lumbar Radicular Pain
• Antiepileptic Drugs After First Unprovoked Seizure
• Antiplatelet Agents for Acute Stroke
• Antiviral Medications for the Prevention of Postherpetic Neuralgia After Herpes Zoster Infection
• Antivirals for Preventing Post-Herpetic Neuralgia
• Antivirals With Corticosteroids for the Treatment of Acute Bell’s Palsy
• Aspirin after Acute Ischemic Stroke
• Aspirin for Cardiovascular Prevention (After Prior Heart Attack or Stroke)
• Aspirin to Prevent a First Heart Attack or Stroke
• Atraumatic versus Conventional Needles for Lumbar Puncture
• Clopidogrel Added to Aspirin During and After a Coronary Event or Stenting
• Clopidogrel for Cardiovascular Prevention (After Prior Heart Attack or Stroke)
• Clopidogrel with Aspirin for Prevention (After Prior Heart Attack or Stroke)
• Corticosteroids for Bell’s Palsy (Idiopathic Facial Paralysis) (2018)
• Corticosteroids for Preventing Post-Herpetic Neuralgia
• Corticosteroids for Preventing Postherpetic Neuralgia After Herpes Zoster Infection
• Early Endovascular Thrombectomy for Large-vessel Ischemic Stroke Reduces Disability at 90 Days
• Effect of Tight Glycemic Control on Patients With Ischemic Stroke
• Elastic Stockings for Deep Venous Thrombosis After Stroke
• Factor VII for Intracerebral Hemorrhage
• Glatiramer Acetate (Copaxone) for Multiple Sclerosis
• Insulin for Glucose Control in Ischemic Stroke
• Opiate Analgesia for Acute Abdominal Pain
• Pregabalin (Lyrica) for Acute Fibromyalgia Pain
• Prevalence of Pulmonary Embolism in Patients Presenting With Syncope
• Prochlorperazine for Treatment of Acute Migraines in Adults
• Steroids for Acute Spinal Cord Injury
• Steroids for Meningitis
• Steroids for Prevention of Migraine Recurrence
• Thrombolytics for Stroke
• Tissue Plasminogen Activator (tPA) For Acute Ischemic Stroke
• Topical Capsaicin for Treatment of Chronic Neuropathic Pain in Adults
• Valproate for Adult Migraine Prophylaxis
• Warfarin for Atrial Fibrillation Stroke Prevention
• Warfarin vs. Aspirin For Atrial Fibrillation Stroke Prevention

Obstetric

• Lactobacillus reuteri for Treatment of Infant Colic
• Anti-D (Rh factor) Administration During Late Pregnancy for the Prevention of Alloimmunization in At Risk (Rh Negative) Women (2018)
• Anti-D (Rh Factor) Administration During Late Pregnancy for the Prevention of Alloimmunization in At-Risk Women (2013)
• Magnesium for Pre-Eclampia
• Opiates During Abdominal Pain Evaluation
• Oral NSAIDs for Perineal Pain in the Early Postpartum Period
• Rhogam Postpartum for Prevention of Sensitization in At-Risk Women
• Tranexamic Acid for Postpartum Hemorrhage
• Vitamin E in Pregnancy

Oncologic

• CT Scans to Screen for Lung Cancer
• Flexible Sigmoidoscopy or Fecal Occult Blood Testing for Colorectal Cancer Screening in Asymptomatic Individuals
• Hormone Replacement Therapy and Breast Cancer Risk
• Low-dose CT scan for lung cancer screening
• Outpatient Treatment for Low-Risk Febrile Neutropenia
• PSA Test to Screen for Prostate Cancer
• PSA Test to Screen for Prostate Cancer
• Risk of Recurrent Venous Thromboembolism and Bleeding in Cancer Patients Treated with Direct Oral Anticoagulants Versus Low Molecular Weight Heparin
• Screening Mammography for Reducing Deaths

Psychiatric

• Aripiprazole vs. Placebo or Haloperidol for Schizophrenia

Pulmonary

• Antibiotics (Prophylactic) for ICU Respiratory Infections
• Antibiotics for Acute Bronchitis
• Antibiotics for COPD Exacerbation
• Antibiotics for Exacerbations of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
• Anticoagulation for Distal Lower Extremity Deep Venous Thromboses
• Bronchodilators for Bronchiolitis
• Combination Inhalers (Steroids Plus Bronchodilators) for Adult Asthma
• Combination Inhalers (Steroids Plus Bronchodilators) for Childhood Asthma
• Combination LABA Inhalers Compared with High-Dose Inhaled Steroids for Adults with Asthma
• Combined Inhaled Short-Acting Beta₂ Agonist and Anticholinergic Agents for Asthma
• Continuous vs. Intermittent Beta Agonists for Asthma Attack
• CT Scans to Screen for Lung Cancer
• Dexamethasone For Hospitalized Patients with COVID-19
• Glucocorticoid for Croup in Children
• High-flow Oxygen Therapy for Treating Bronchiolitis in Infants
• Inhaled Epinephrine, Steroids for Bronchiolitis
• Inhaled Steroids for Asthma After Emergency Department Discharge
• Inhaled Steroids upon Discharge for Asthma Attack
• Intravenous Magnesium Sulfate for Acute Asthma Exacerbation in Adults
• Low-dose CT scan for lung cancer screening
• Lung-Protective Ventilation for ARDS
• Magnesium Sulfate for Asthma Attack
• Nebulized Hypertonic Saline for Bronchiolitis
• Nebulized Ipratropium for Asthma Attack
• Neuraminidase Inhibitors for Influenza
• Nicotine Replacement Therapy for Smoking Cessation
• Non-Invasive Positive Pressure Ventilation for Exacerbation of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
• Non-Invasive Positive Pressure Ventilation for Pulmonary Edema
• Non-Invasive Ventilation for COPD Exacerbation
• Oxygen Therapy for Patients with Acute Myocardial Infarction
• Prevalence of Pulmonary Embolism in Patients Presenting With Syncope
• Prone Positioning for Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome in Adults
• Prophylactic Antibiotics for Critically Ill Patients
• Qvar for Treatment of Chronic Asthma
• Single Maintenance and Reliever Therapy (SMART) Regimen for Management of Persistent Asthma
• Steroids for Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS)
• Steroids for Asthma Attack
• Steroids for Bronchiolitis
• Steroids for COPD Exacerbation
• Steroids for Croup
• Steroids for PCP/PJ Pneumonia
• Systemic Corticosteroids for Acute Exacerbations of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)
• Thrombolytic Therapy for Pulmonary Embolism
• Vaccines for Preventing Influenza in Healthy Individuals
• Video Laryngoscopy vs. Direct Laryngoscopy

Trauma

• Antibiotics for Hand Lacerations
• Aspirin after Acute Ischemic Stroke
• Effect of Tight Glycemic Control on Patients With Ischemic Stroke
• Hydroxyethyl Starch for Acute Volume Resuscitation
• Prevalence of Pulmonary Embolism in Patients Presenting With Syncope
• Recombinant Activated Factor VII in Severe Trauma
• Steroids for Acute Spinal Cord Injury
• Tranexamic Acid for Postpartum Hemorrhage
• Tranexamic Acid for Severe Trauma
• Utility of Spinal Immobilization in Patients with Penetrating Trauma

Vascular

• Anti-Hypertensives to Prevent Death, Heart Attacks, and Strokes
• Anticoagulation for Distal Lower Extremity Deep Venous Thromboses
• Aspirin after Acute Ischemic Stroke
• Hormone Therapy for Primary Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease in Postmenopausal Women
• Prevalence of Pulmonary Embolism in Patients Presenting With Syncope
• Proton Pump Inhibitors for Acute Upper Gastrointestinal Bleeding
• Risk of Recurrent Venous Thromboembolism and Bleeding in Cancer Patients Treated with Direct Oral Anticoagulants Versus Low Molecular Weight Heparin
• Tranexamic Acid for the Treatment of Epistaxis

Therapy (NNT) Reviews Alphabetically

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• Lactobacillus reuteri for Treatment of Infant Colic

A

• Acetazolamide for Prevention of Acute Mountain Sickness (AMS)
• ACLS Medications for Cardiac Arrest
• Activated Protein C (Xigris) for Severe Sepsis
• Acupuncture for Frequent Tension-Type Headaches
• Adjuvant Antibiotic Therapy After Incision and Drainage of Cutaneous Abscesses
• Alpha-adrenergic Agonists for the Management of Opioid Withdrawal
• Anti-D (Rh factor) Administration During Late Pregnancy for the Prevention of Alloimmunization in At Risk (Rh Negative) Women (2018)
• Anti-D (Rh Factor) Administration During Late Pregnancy for the Prevention of Alloimmunization in At-Risk Women (2013)
• Anti-Hypertensives for Cardiovascular Prevention in Mild Hypertension
• Anti-Hypertensives to Prevent Death, Heart Attacks, and Strokes
• Antiarrhythmics for Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest
• Antibiotics (Prophylactic) for ICU Respiratory Infections
• Antibiotics for Acute Bronchitis
• Antibiotics for Acute Sinusitis in Adults
• Antibiotics for Animal Bites
• Antibiotics for Cirrhotics with Upper GI Bleeds
• Antibiotics for Clinically Diagnosed Acute Sinusitis
• Antibiotics for COPD Exacerbation
• Antibiotics for Exacerbations of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
• Antibiotics for Hand Lacerations
• Antibiotics for Infection Prevention In Ventricular Shunt Placement
• Antibiotics for Open Fractures
• Antibiotics for Otitis Media
• Antibiotics for Otitis Media
• Antibiotics for Otitis Media in Children
• Antibiotics for Radiologically-Diagnosed Sinusitis
• Antibiotics for Sinusitis
• Antibiotics for Uncomplicated Diverticulitis
• Anticoagulation for Distal Lower Extremity Deep Venous Thromboses
• Anticoagulation for Venous Thromboembolism
• Anticonvulsants for the Treatment of Low Back Pain and Lumbar Radicular Pain
• Antiepileptic Drugs After First Unprovoked Seizure
• Antiplatelet Agents for Acute Stroke
• Antipsychotics for Fibromyalgia in Adults
• Antiviral Medications for the Prevention of Postherpetic Neuralgia After Herpes Zoster Infection
• Antivirals for Preventing Post-Herpetic Neuralgia
• Antivirals With Corticosteroids for the Treatment of Acute Bell’s Palsy
• Aripiprazole vs. Placebo or Haloperidol for Schizophrenia
• Aspirin after Acute Ischemic Stroke
• Aspirin for Cardiovascular Prevention (After Prior Heart Attack or Stroke)
• Aspirin For Major Heart Attack (STEMI)
• Aspirin For Preventing A First Heart Attack Or Stroke
• Aspirin to Prevent a First Heart Attack or Stroke
• Atraumatic versus Conventional Needles for Lumbar Puncture

B

• Beta Blockers for Heart Attack
• Bisphosphonates for Fracture Prevention in Post-Menopausal Women With Prior Fractures or Very Low Bone Density
• Bisphosphonates for Fracture Prevention in Post-Menopausal Women Without Prior Fractures
• Branched-Chain Amino Acids for People with Hepatic Encephalopathy
• Bronchodilators for Bronchiolitis
• Buprenorphine Maintenance vs. Placebo for Opioid Dependence

C

• Chewing Gum for Reducing Post-Caesarian Section Ileus
• Chewing Gum for Reducing Post-Cesarean Section Ileus
• Clopidogrel Added to Aspirin During and After a Coronary Event or Stenting
• Clopidogrel for Cardiovascular Prevention (After Prior Heart Attack or Stroke)
• Clopidogrel with Aspirin for Prevention (After Prior Heart Attack or Stroke)
• Coadministration of Probiotics With Prescribed Antibiotics for Preventing Clostridium difficile Diarrhea
• Colloids for Resuscitation in Critically Ill Patients
• Combination Inhalers (Steroids Plus Bronchodilators) for Adult Asthma
• Combination Inhalers (Steroids Plus Bronchodilators) for Childhood Asthma
• Combination LABA Inhalers Compared with High-Dose Inhaled Steroids for Adults with Asthma
• Combined Inhaled Short-Acting Beta₂ Agonist and Anticholinergic Agents for Asthma
• Comparison of Reduction Techniques for Radial Head Subluxation
• Continuous vs. Intermittent Beta Agonists for Asthma Attack
• Controlled Cord Traction During the Third Stage of Labor
• Coronary Heart Bypass Surgery for Prevention of Death
• Coronary Stenting for Non-Acute Coronary Disease Compared to Medical Therapy
• Corticosteroids for Bell’s Palsy (Idiopathic Facial Paralysis) (2018)
• Corticosteroids for Community-Acquired Pneumonia
• Corticosteroids for Preventing Post-Herpetic Neuralgia
• Corticosteroids for Preventing Postherpetic Neuralgia After Herpes Zoster Infection
• Corticosteroids for Treating Pneumonia
• Corticosteroids in the Treatment of Sepsis
• CT Scans to Screen for Lung Cancer
• Cyclobenzaprine in the Treatment of Low Back Pain

D

• Defibrillation for Cardiac Arrest
• Denosumab for Reducing Risk of Fractures in Postmenopausal Women
• Dexamethasone For Hospitalized Patients with COVID-19
• Diagnostic Testing for Patient Reassurance
• Protected: Draft Review: Liberal Transfusion Thresholds for Blood Transfusions

E

• Early Endovascular Thrombectomy for Large-vessel Ischemic Stroke Reduces Disability at 90 Days
• Early Invasive Management for Acute Coronary Syndromes
• Early Invasive Management of Acute Coronary Syndromes
• Effect of Tight Glycemic Control on Patients With Ischemic Stroke
• Effectiveness of Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors for Irritable Bowel Syndrome
• Efficacy of Direct-Acting Antivirals Compared with Older Agents for Hepatitis C
• Elastic Stockings for Deep Vein Thrombosis Prevention After Surgery
• Elastic Stockings for Deep Venous Thrombosis After Stroke
• Elastic Stockings Plus Medical Therapy for Deep Vein Thrombosis Prevention After Surgery
• Endovascular thrombectomy for ischemic stroke beyond 6 hours from onset of symptoms
• Epidural Steroids for Sciatica
• Epinephrine for Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest
• Epley Maneuver (Canalith Repositioning) for Benign Positional Vertigo
• Erythromycin for Improved Upper Endoscopy
• Erythromycin for Urgent Endoscopy After Upper Gastrointestinal Bleeding

F

• Factor VII for Intracerebral Hemorrhage
• Flexible Sigmoidoscopy or Fecal Occult Blood Testing for Colorectal Cancer Screening in Asymptomatic Individuals

G

• Gabapentin for Chronic Neuropathic Pain
• Glatiramer Acetate (Copaxone) for Multiple Sclerosis
• Glucocorticoid for Croup in Children
• Glycoprotein Inhibitors for Major Heart Attack with Stents or Angioplasty

H

• Heparin for Acute Coronary Syndromes
• High-flow Oxygen Therapy for Treating Bronchiolitis in Infants
• Hormone Replacement Therapy and Breast Cancer Risk
• Hormone Replacement Therapy For Cardiovascular Prevention (After Prior Heart Attack or Stroke)
• Hormone Replacement Therapy for Cardiovascular Prevention of a First Heart Attack or Stroke
• Hormone Therapy for Primary Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease in Postmenopausal Women
• HPV vaccines for prevention of cervical pre-cancer in adolescent girls and women
• Hydroxyethyl Starch for Acute Volume Resuscitation
• Hypothermia for Neuroprotection After Cardiac Arrest

I

• Ibuprofen for Treatment of Episodic Tension-Type Headaches
• Inhaled Epinephrine, Steroids for Bronchiolitis
• Inhaled Steroids for Asthma After Emergency Department Discharge
• Inhaled Steroids upon Discharge for Asthma Attack
• Insulin for Glucose Control in Ischemic Stroke
• Intensive Glucose Control for Critically Ill Patients
• Intravenous Magnesium Sulfate for Acute Asthma Exacerbation in Adults

K

• Ketamine vs Opioids for Acute Pain in the Emergency Department

L

• Leukotriene Receptor Antagonists in the Treatment of Acute Asthma
• Liberal Hemoglobin Levels for Blood Transfusions
• Lidocaine for Reducing Pain on Injection of IV Propofol
• Low-dose CT scan for lung cancer screening
• Lung-protective Ventilation for Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome
• Lung-Protective Ventilation for ARDS

M

• Magnesium for Pre-Eclampia
• Magnesium Sulfate for Asthma Attack
• Medical Expulsive Therapy (Alpha Blockers) for Urological Stone Disease
• Mediterranean Diet for Heart Disease Prevention (Without Known Heart Disease)
• Mediterranean Diet for Post Heart-Attack Care
• MRI vs. X-Ray for Lower Back Pain

N

• Nebulized Hypertonic Saline for Bronchiolitis
• Nebulized Hypertonic Saline for Bronchiolitis
• Nebulized Ipratropium for Asthma Attack
• Neuraminidase Inhibitors for Influenza
• Nicotine Replacement Therapy for Smoking Cessation
• Non-Invasive Positive Pressure Ventilation for Exacerbation of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
• Non-Invasive Positive Pressure Ventilation for Pulmonary Edema
• Non-Invasive Ventilation for COPD Exacerbation
• Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs for Acute Low Back Pain

O

• Octreotide for Acute Variceal Bleeding
• Octreotide for Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage from Esophageal Varices
• Omega-3 Fatty Acids and Cardiovascular Disease Prevention
• Ondansetron (Zofran) for Pediatric Gastroenteritis
• Ondansetron for Pediatric Gastroenteritis
• Opiate Analgesia for Acute Abdominal Pain
• Opiates During Abdominal Pain Evaluation
• Oral NSAIDs for Perineal Pain in the Early Postpartum Period
• Outpatient Treatment for Low-Risk Febrile Neutropenia
• Oxygen Therapy for Patients with Acute Myocardial Infarction

P

• Packing Abscesses for Recurrent Infection
• Perioperative Beta Blockers
• Pregabalin (Lyrica) for Acute Fibromyalgia Pain
• Preliminary indicators of mortality in subjects infected with COVID-19 based on data from China and South Korea
• Prevalence of Pulmonary Embolism in Patients Presenting With Syncope
• Probiotics for Acute Infectious Diarrhea
• Probiotics for Preventing C. Difficile Diarrhea
• Probiotics for the Prevention of Upper Respiratory Tract Infections
• Procainamide Versus Amiodarone for Stable Ventricular Tachycardia
• Prochlorperazine for Treatment of Acute Migraines in Adults
• Prolonged Dual Antiplatelet Therapy After MI Reduces Major Adverse Cardiac Events
• Prone Positioning for Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome in Adults
• Prophylactic Antibiotics for Critically Ill Patients
• Prophylactic Antibiotics In Cirrhotic Patients With Upper Gastrointestinal Bleeding
• Proton Pump Inhibitors for Acute Peptic Ulcer Bleeding
• Proton Pump Inhibitors for Acute Upper Gastrointestinal Bleeding
• Proton Pump Inhibitors for Acute Upper GI Bleeding
• Proton Pump Inhibitors for Stress Ulcer Prophylaxis in Critically Ill Patients
• PSA Test to Screen for Prostate Cancer
• PSA Test to Screen for Prostate Cancer

Q

• Qvar for Treatment of Chronic Asthma

R

• Recombinant Activated Factor VII in Severe Trauma
• Rhogam Postpartum for Prevention of Sensitization in At-Risk Women
• Risk of Recurrent Venous Thromboembolism and Bleeding in Cancer Patients Treated with Direct Oral Anticoagulants Versus Low Molecular Weight Heparin
• Rivaroxaban vs. Warfarin for Anticoagulation in Patients with Atrial Fibrillation Undergoing Ablation and Cardioversion
• Rocuronium vs. Succinylcholine for Rapid Sequence Intubation
• Routine Health Checks for Reducing Mortality and Morbidity

S

• Screening Mammography for Reducing Deaths
• Single Maintenance and Reliever Therapy (SMART) Regimen for Management of Persistent Asthma
• Statins for Acute Coronary Syndrome
• Statins for Heart Disease Prevention (With Known Heart Disease)
• Statins for Heart Disease Prevention (Without Prior Heart Disease)
• Statins in Persons at Low Risk of Cardiovascular Disease
• Stents for Stable Coronary Artery Disease
• Steroids for Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS)
• Steroids for Acute Spinal Cord Injury
• Steroids for Asthma Attack
• Steroids for Bronchiolitis
• Steroids for COPD Exacerbation
• Steroids for Croup
• Steroids for Meningitis
• Steroids for PCP/PJ Pneumonia
• Steroids for Pharyngitis
• Steroids for Prevention of Migraine Recurrence
• Steroids for Sepsis
• Strength and Balance Programs for Elderly Falls
• Subclavian vs. Femoral Central Line Placement
• Systemic Corticosteroids for Acute Exacerbations of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)

T

• Tap Water for Wound Irrigation
• Targeted Temperature Management in Post Cardiac Arrest Patients
• Tenofovir for Prevention of HIV Infection
• The Efficacy and Safety of Colchicine for Pericarditis
• Thrombolytic Therapy for Pulmonary Embolism
• Thrombolytics for Major Heart Attack (STEMI)
• Thrombolytics for Stroke
• Ticagrelor Compared to Clopidogrel in Acute Coronary Syndrome and Stable Coronary Artery Disease
• Tight Glycemic Control for Type 2 Diabetes (Over 5 Years)
• Tissue Plasminogen Activator (tPA) For Acute Ischemic Stroke
• Topical Antibiotics for Bacterial Conjunctivitis
• Topical Antibiotics for Clinical and Microbiologic Cure of Bacterial Conjunctivitis
• Topical Capsaicin for Treatment of Chronic Neuropathic Pain in Adults
• Topical NSAIDs for Acute Musculoskeletal Pain in Adults
• Tranexamic Acid for Postpartum Hemorrhage
• Tranexamic Acid for Severe Trauma
• Tranexamic Acid for the Treatment of Epistaxis
• Tranexamic Acid for Upper Gastrointestinal Bleeding

U

• Utility of Spinal Immobilization in Patients with Penetrating Trauma

V

• Vaccines for Preventing Influenza in Healthy Individuals
• Valproate for Adult Migraine Prophylaxis
• Varenicline for Smoking Cessation
• Video Laryngoscopy vs. Direct Laryngoscopy
• Vitamin D for Fracture Prevention (Community)
• Vitamin D for Fracture Prevention (Elderly, Nursing Home)
• Vitamin E in Pregnancy
• Vitamins and Antioxidants for Primary Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease

W

• Warfarin for Atrial Fibrillation Stroke Prevention
• Warfarin vs. Aspirin For Atrial Fibrillation Stroke Prevention

Z

• Zinc for the Common Cold

Therapy (NNT) Reviews by Rating

Green

• Acetazolamide for Prevention of Acute Mountain Sickness (AMS)
• Acupuncture for Frequent Tension-Type Headaches
• Anti-Hypertensives to Prevent Death, Heart Attacks, and Strokes
• Antibiotics (Prophylactic) for ICU Respiratory Infections
• Antibiotics for Cirrhotics with Upper GI Bleeds
• Antibiotics for COPD Exacerbation
• Antibiotics for Exacerbations of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
• Antibiotics for Infection Prevention In Ventricular Shunt Placement
• Antibiotics for Open Fractures
• Antiplatelet Agents for Acute Stroke
• Antivirals With Corticosteroids for the Treatment of Acute Bell’s Palsy
• Aspirin after Acute Ischemic Stroke
• Aspirin for Cardiovascular Prevention (After Prior Heart Attack or Stroke)
• Aspirin For Major Heart Attack (STEMI)
• Atraumatic versus Conventional Needles for Lumbar Puncture
• Bisphosphonates for Fracture Prevention in Post-Menopausal Women With Prior Fractures or Very Low Bone Density
• Buprenorphine Maintenance vs. Placebo for Opioid Dependence
• Chewing Gum for Reducing Post-Cesarean Section Ileus
• Clopidogrel Added to Aspirin During and After a Coronary Event or Stenting
• Clopidogrel for Cardiovascular Prevention (After Prior Heart Attack or Stroke)
• Coadministration of Probiotics With Prescribed Antibiotics for Preventing Clostridium difficile Diarrhea
• Combined Inhaled Short-Acting Beta₂ Agonist and Anticholinergic Agents for Asthma
• Comparison of Reduction Techniques for Radial Head Subluxation
• Continuous vs. Intermittent Beta Agonists for Asthma Attack
• Corticosteroids for Bell’s Palsy (Idiopathic Facial Paralysis) (2018)
• Corticosteroids for Community-Acquired Pneumonia
• Corticosteroids for Treating Pneumonia
• Defibrillation for Cardiac Arrest
• Early Endovascular Thrombectomy for Large-vessel Ischemic Stroke Reduces Disability at 90 Days
• Elastic Stockings for Deep Vein Thrombosis Prevention After Surgery
• Elastic Stockings Plus Medical Therapy for Deep Vein Thrombosis Prevention After Surgery
• Endovascular thrombectomy for ischemic stroke beyond 6 hours from onset of symptoms
• Epley Maneuver (Canalith Repositioning) for Benign Positional Vertigo
• Erythromycin for Improved Upper Endoscopy
• Erythromycin for Urgent Endoscopy After Upper Gastrointestinal Bleeding
• Flexible Sigmoidoscopy or Fecal Occult Blood Testing for Colorectal Cancer Screening in Asymptomatic Individuals
• Glatiramer Acetate (Copaxone) for Multiple Sclerosis
• Glucocorticoid for Croup in Children
• HPV vaccines for prevention of cervical pre-cancer in adolescent girls and women
• Hypothermia for Neuroprotection After Cardiac Arrest
• Ibuprofen for Treatment of Episodic Tension-Type Headaches
• Inhaled Epinephrine, Steroids for Bronchiolitis
• Intravenous Magnesium Sulfate for Acute Asthma Exacerbation in Adults
• Lidocaine for Reducing Pain on Injection of IV Propofol
• Lung-protective Ventilation for Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome
• Lung-Protective Ventilation for ARDS
• Magnesium for Pre-Eclampia
• Magnesium Sulfate for Asthma Attack
• Medical Expulsive Therapy (Alpha Blockers) for Urological Stone Disease
• Mediterranean Diet for Heart Disease Prevention (Without Known Heart Disease)
• Mediterranean Diet for Post Heart-Attack Care
• Nebulized Hypertonic Saline for Bronchiolitis
• Nebulized Ipratropium for Asthma Attack
• Nicotine Replacement Therapy for Smoking Cessation
• Non-Invasive Positive Pressure Ventilation for Exacerbation of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
• Non-Invasive Positive Pressure Ventilation for Pulmonary Edema
• Non-Invasive Ventilation for COPD Exacerbation
• Ondansetron (Zofran) for Pediatric Gastroenteritis
• Ondansetron for Pediatric Gastroenteritis
• Opiate Analgesia for Acute Abdominal Pain
• Opiates During Abdominal Pain Evaluation
• Oral NSAIDs for Perineal Pain in the Early Postpartum Period
• Pregabalin (Lyrica) for Acute Fibromyalgia Pain
• Probiotics for Acute Infectious Diarrhea
• Probiotics for Preventing C. Difficile Diarrhea
• Prophylactic Antibiotics In Cirrhotic Patients With Upper Gastrointestinal Bleeding
• Rhogam Postpartum for Prevention of Sensitization in At-Risk Women
• Statins for Heart Disease Prevention (With Known Heart Disease)
• Steroids for Asthma Attack
• Steroids for COPD Exacerbation
• Steroids for Croup
• Steroids for Meningitis
• Steroids for PCP/PJ Pneumonia
• Steroids for Pharyngitis
• Steroids for Prevention of Migraine Recurrence
• Strength and Balance Programs for Elderly Falls
• Systemic Corticosteroids for Acute Exacerbations of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)
• Tap Water for Wound Irrigation
• Tenofovir for Prevention of HIV Infection
• The Efficacy and Safety of Colchicine for Pericarditis
• Thrombolytics for Major Heart Attack (STEMI)
• Tissue Plasminogen Activator (tPA) For Acute Ischemic Stroke
• Topical Antibiotics for Bacterial Conjunctivitis
• Topical Antibiotics for Clinical and Microbiologic Cure of Bacterial Conjunctivitis
• Topical NSAIDs for Acute Musculoskeletal Pain in Adults
• Tranexamic Acid for Severe Trauma
• Tranexamic Acid for the Treatment of Epistaxis
• Vaccines for Preventing Influenza in Healthy Individuals
• Valproate for Adult Migraine Prophylaxis
• Varenicline for Smoking Cessation
• Video Laryngoscopy vs. Direct Laryngoscopy
• Vitamin D for Fracture Prevention (Elderly, Nursing Home)
• Warfarin for Atrial Fibrillation Stroke Prevention
• Warfarin vs. Aspirin For Atrial Fibrillation Stroke Prevention

Yellow

• Lactobacillus reuteri for Treatment of Infant Colic
• Adjuvant Antibiotic Therapy After Incision and Drainage of Cutaneous Abscesses
• Alpha-adrenergic Agonists for the Management of Opioid Withdrawal
• Anti-D (Rh factor) Administration During Late Pregnancy for the Prevention of Alloimmunization in At Risk (Rh Negative) Women (2018)
• Anti-D (Rh Factor) Administration During Late Pregnancy for the Prevention of Alloimmunization in At-Risk Women (2013)
• Antibiotics for Animal Bites
• Antibiotics for Otitis Media in Children
• Antibiotics for Radiologically-Diagnosed Sinusitis
• Antibiotics for Sinusitis
• Antibiotics for Uncomplicated Diverticulitis
• Anticoagulation for Distal Lower Extremity Deep Venous Thromboses
• Anticoagulation for Venous Thromboembolism
• Antiepileptic Drugs After First Unprovoked Seizure
• Antipsychotics for Fibromyalgia in Adults
• Antivirals for Preventing Post-Herpetic Neuralgia
• Aripiprazole vs. Placebo or Haloperidol for Schizophrenia
• Branched-Chain Amino Acids for People with Hepatic Encephalopathy
• Chewing Gum for Reducing Post-Caesarian Section Ileus
• Controlled Cord Traction During the Third Stage of Labor
• Coronary Heart Bypass Surgery for Prevention of Death
• Corticosteroids for Preventing Post-Herpetic Neuralgia
• Corticosteroids in the Treatment of Sepsis
• CT Scans to Screen for Lung Cancer
• Cyclobenzaprine in the Treatment of Low Back Pain
• Denosumab for Reducing Risk of Fractures in Postmenopausal Women
• Dexamethasone For Hospitalized Patients with COVID-19
• Effectiveness of Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors for Irritable Bowel Syndrome
• Efficacy of Direct-Acting Antivirals Compared with Older Agents for Hepatitis C
• Gabapentin for Chronic Neuropathic Pain
• High-flow Oxygen Therapy for Treating Bronchiolitis in Infants
• Hormone Replacement Therapy and Breast Cancer Risk
• Inhaled Steroids for Asthma After Emergency Department Discharge
• Ketamine vs Opioids for Acute Pain in the Emergency Department
• Low-dose CT scan for lung cancer screening
• Nebulized Hypertonic Saline for Bronchiolitis
• Neuraminidase Inhibitors for Influenza
• Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs for Acute Low Back Pain
• Outpatient Treatment for Low-Risk Febrile Neutropenia
• Perioperative Beta Blockers
• Probiotics for the Prevention of Upper Respiratory Tract Infections
• Procainamide Versus Amiodarone for Stable Ventricular Tachycardia
• Prochlorperazine for Treatment of Acute Migraines in Adults
• Prolonged Dual Antiplatelet Therapy After MI Reduces Major Adverse Cardiac Events
• Prophylactic Antibiotics for Critically Ill Patients
• Proton Pump Inhibitors for Acute Peptic Ulcer Bleeding
• Proton Pump Inhibitors for Stress Ulcer Prophylaxis in Critically Ill Patients
• Qvar for Treatment of Chronic Asthma
• Risk of Recurrent Venous Thromboembolism and Bleeding in Cancer Patients Treated with Direct Oral Anticoagulants Versus Low Molecular Weight Heparin
• Rivaroxaban vs. Warfarin for Anticoagulation in Patients with Atrial Fibrillation Undergoing Ablation and Cardioversion
• Rocuronium vs. Succinylcholine for Rapid Sequence Intubation
• Routine Health Checks for Reducing Mortality and Morbidity
• Single Maintenance and Reliever Therapy (SMART) Regimen for Management of Persistent Asthma
• Subclavian vs. Femoral Central Line Placement
• Targeted Temperature Management in Post Cardiac Arrest Patients
• Thrombolytic Therapy for Pulmonary Embolism
• Topical Capsaicin for Treatment of Chronic Neuropathic Pain in Adults
• Tranexamic Acid for Postpartum Hemorrhage
• Tranexamic Acid for Upper Gastrointestinal Bleeding
• Zinc for the Common Cold

Red

• ACLS Medications for Cardiac Arrest
• Anti-Hypertensives for Cardiovascular Prevention in Mild Hypertension
• Antiarrhythmics for Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest
• Antibiotics for Acute Bronchitis
• Antibiotics for Acute Sinusitis in Adults
• Antibiotics for Hand Lacerations
• Antibiotics for Otitis Media
• Antibiotics for Otitis Media
• Anticonvulsants for the Treatment of Low Back Pain and Lumbar Radicular Pain
• Antiviral Medications for the Prevention of Postherpetic Neuralgia After Herpes Zoster Infection
• Aspirin For Preventing A First Heart Attack Or Stroke
• Aspirin to Prevent a First Heart Attack or Stroke
• Beta Blockers for Heart Attack
• Bisphosphonates for Fracture Prevention in Post-Menopausal Women Without Prior Fractures
• Bronchodilators for Bronchiolitis
• Clopidogrel with Aspirin for Prevention (After Prior Heart Attack or Stroke)
• Colloids for Resuscitation in Critically Ill Patients
• Combination Inhalers (Steroids Plus Bronchodilators) for Adult Asthma
• Combination Inhalers (Steroids Plus Bronchodilators) for Childhood Asthma
• Combination LABA Inhalers Compared with High-Dose Inhaled Steroids for Adults with Asthma
• Corticosteroids for Preventing Postherpetic Neuralgia After Herpes Zoster Infection
• Diagnostic Testing for Patient Reassurance
• Early Invasive Management for Acute Coronary Syndromes
• Early Invasive Management of Acute Coronary Syndromes
• Epidural Steroids for Sciatica
• Epinephrine for Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest
• Factor VII for Intracerebral Hemorrhage
• Hormone Replacement Therapy For Cardiovascular Prevention (After Prior Heart Attack or Stroke)
• Hormone Therapy for Primary Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease in Postmenopausal Women
• Inhaled Steroids upon Discharge for Asthma Attack
• Leukotriene Receptor Antagonists in the Treatment of Acute Asthma
• MRI vs. X-Ray for Lower Back Pain
• Octreotide for Acute Variceal Bleeding
• Octreotide for Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage from Esophageal Varices
• Omega-3 Fatty Acids and Cardiovascular Disease Prevention
• Oxygen Therapy for Patients with Acute Myocardial Infarction
• Packing Abscesses for Recurrent Infection
• Prevalence of Pulmonary Embolism in Patients Presenting With Syncope
• Prone Positioning for Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome in Adults
• Proton Pump Inhibitors for Acute Upper Gastrointestinal Bleeding
• Proton Pump Inhibitors for Acute Upper GI Bleeding
• Recombinant Activated Factor VII in Severe Trauma
• Screening Mammography for Reducing Deaths
• Statins for Acute Coronary Syndrome
• Statins for Heart Disease Prevention (Without Prior Heart Disease)
• Statins in Persons at Low Risk of Cardiovascular Disease
• Steroids for Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS)
• Steroids for Bronchiolitis
• Steroids for Sepsis
• Thrombolytics for Stroke
• Ticagrelor Compared to Clopidogrel in Acute Coronary Syndrome and Stable Coronary Artery Disease
• Tight Glycemic Control for Type 2 Diabetes (Over 5 Years)
• Utility of Spinal Immobilization in Patients with Penetrating Trauma
• Vitamin E in Pregnancy
• Vitamins and Antioxidants for Primary Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease

Black/Caution

• Vitamin D for Fracture Prevention (Community)
• Steroids for Acute Spinal Cord Injury
• Stents for Stable Coronary Artery Disease
• PSA Test to Screen for Prostate Cancer
• PSA Test to Screen for Prostate Cancer
• Liberal Hemoglobin Levels for Blood Transfusions
• Intensive Glucose Control for Critically Ill Patients
• Insulin for Glucose Control in Ischemic Stroke
• Hydroxyethyl Starch for Acute Volume Resuscitation
• Hormone Replacement Therapy for Cardiovascular Prevention of a First Heart Attack or Stroke
• Heparin for Acute Coronary Syndromes
• Glycoprotein Inhibitors for Major Heart Attack with Stents or Angioplasty
• Elastic Stockings for Deep Venous Thrombosis After Stroke
• Effect of Tight Glycemic Control on Patients With Ischemic Stroke
• Protected: Draft Review: Liberal Transfusion Thresholds for Blood Transfusions
• Coronary Stenting for Non-Acute Coronary Disease Compared to Medical Therapy
• Antibiotics for Clinically Diagnosed Acute Sinusitis
• Activated Protein C (Xigris) for Severe Sepsis